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• Garbage Collection (GC) in .NETJul 05, 2025. Garbage Collection (GC) in .NET is an automated memory management system that enables us to build reliable applications without constantly worrying about memory allocation and cleanup.
• Combine Two Collections Without Duplicates in Power Apps Canvas AppJun 27, 2025. Learn how to combine two collections in a Power Apps Canvas App without duplicates using simple logic and functions like Collect, ClearCollect, and Distinct for clean, efficient data merging.
• Meet the o3 Series Models: Smarter Tools for Reasoning and Problem Solving on AzureJun 24, 2025. Microsoft has introduced a powerful range of AI models called the o3 series, designed to help with tasks that require deep thinking, reasoning, and advanced problem-solving.
• Speed Up Docker Desktop: Latest Performance UpgradesJun 22, 2025. Discover how Docker Desktop boosts speed on Mac, Windows, and RHEL with new virtualization, file syncing, and real-world dev performance gains.
• Fixed Window vs. Sliding Window Rate Limiting in .NETJun 17, 2025. Learn the difference between Fixed and Sliding Window Rate Limiting in .NET. Understand how each algorithm controls API traffic, prevents abuse, and suits different use cases like login or public endpoints.
• Deploying an NFT Collection on Base: Step-by-StepJun 12, 2025. Learn how to create, mint, and sell a full ERC-721 NFT collection on Base blockchain—a fast, low-cost Ethereum Layer 2—using Hardhat, OpenZeppelin, and IPFS in this beginner-friendly step-by-step guide.
• Understanding Window Operations in PandasJun 06, 2025. Window operations are among the most powerful features in pandas for time series analysis and data manipulation.
• How to Install and Configure SQL Server 2025 in WindowsMay 22, 2025. This articlee walks you through installing SQL Server 2025 on Windows, from system requirements to setup and configuration. Learn how to enable features, set authentication modes, and ensure your server runs smoothly ideal for beginners and advanced users alike.
• Understanding Garbage Collection and Cyclic References in C#May 20, 2025. This article explores .NET memory management, focusing on how the garbage collector handles cyclic references, and how weak references and the `IDisposable` pattern help prevent memory leaks in C# applications.
• Why Synthetic Data Is the Fuel of Next-Gen AIMay 15, 2025. The impact of synthetic data on AI systems training and development is profound. It deals with privacy problems, repetitiveness, and expensive data sources.
• AZ-900 Series 2: Kickstart Your Cloud CareerMay 15, 2025. Discover the key benefits of using cloud services like Azure, including high availability, scalability, reliability, security, and ease of management.
• Kickstart Your Cloud Career: A Beginner’s Guide to AZ-900 – Series 1May 09, 2025. Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and more—over the internet. Instead of owning and maintaining physical data centers or servers, organizations can access these resources on-demand from cloud providers.
• ✨ Designing User Experience with Precision: The Role of Prompt Engineering in Vibe ProgrammingApr 30, 2025. Vibe programming combines design and functionality, focusing on user experience and aesthetics. Clear prompts guide AI and developers to create polished applications with precise styling, enhancing usability and mood.
• Horizontal List of Overlapping Images in MAUI [GamesCatalog] - Part 14Apr 20, 2025. Learn how to create a horizontal list of overlapping images in .NET MAUI for your GamesCatalog app! In Part 14 of this series, we’ll explore step-by-step how to design a smooth, modern UI using CollectionView and custom layouts. Perfect for game apps and cross-platform projects!
• Understanding of Internet Information Services – Series IApr 16, 2025. Get started with Internet Information Services (IIS) in this beginner-friendly series. Learn the basics of Microsoft's powerful web server, its features, its setup process, and how it supports hosting web applications on Windows.
• Create Graph Windows Form - WInForm using .Net 8Apr 16, 2025. Learn how to create a bar chart in a Windows Forms App (.NET) using the Chart control. This step-by-step guide covers project setup, adding the chart control, configuring the chart area, and adding data points for visualization.
• Introduction to IIS Site and Application Pool – Series IIApr 16, 2025. Learn the basics of Internet Information Services (IIS) by understanding two core components: Sites and Application Pools.
• Deploying Web Apps in IIS – Step-by-Step (Series III)Apr 16, 2025. A hands-on walkthrough for beginners on how to deploy web applications or services in IIS, including setting up bindings, configuring application pools, and verifying deployments.
• Mastering the New Era of C#: Exploring Advanced Features in C# 14Apr 15, 2025. C# 14 represents a polished and sophisticated leap forward in the language’s maturity. C# 14 refines the language with primary constructors, collection expressions, interceptors, and performance enhancements.
• Docker: Install, Run, and Test Your First Container - DotNet SeriesApr 03, 2025. Docker with .NET eliminates "It works on my machine!" issues! Learn how containers ensure consistency, efficiency & scalability across environments. Master Docker images, containers, Compose & more!
• C# 14: Exploring New Language Features for Modern .NET DevelopmentApr 02, 2025. In this article, I explore the most important features introduced in C# 14.0, including primary constructors in classes, collection expressions, enhanced pattern matching, and required members. I walk through how each of these additions simplifies code, improves performance, and promotes safer, more expressive development.
• .NET, C# and Building AI-Integrated Windows AppsApr 01, 2025. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing software development by enabling applications to analyze data, recognize patterns, and make intelligent decisions. Developers leveraging Microsoft’s .NET ecosystem and C# can seamlessly integrate AI into Windows applications, enhancing functionality.
• Memory Management in .NETMar 31, 2025. Memory management in .NET is handled by the Garbage Collector (GC), which automatically allocates and frees memory to optimize performance.
• Enhancing SharePoint: New Features in Microsoft Lists FormsMar 27, 2025. This article covers new features such as conditional branching, logo addition, support for additional field types, and more. Learn how these updates can streamline your workflow and improve the user experience.
• Understanding HashSet in C#Mar 20, 2025. A HashSet<T> in C# is a collection that stores unique elements with fast lookups. It supports set operations like union, intersection, and difference while offering better performance than List<T> for searches.
• Understanding Azure WebJobsMar 18, 2025. Azure WebJobs enable running background tasks within Azure App Service, supporting various scripts and programs, including Python and C#. They can be triggered manually, on a schedule, or continuously. Notably, WebJobs are compatible with both Windows and Linux App Services.
• Configuring Exchange Server 2016/2019 SMTP RelayMar 05, 2025. This article is useful for IT administrators who need to set up and manage SMTP relays on Exchange Server.
• What is Microsoft Copilot?Feb 25, 2025. Learn what Microsoft Copilot is and what is the difference between Github Copilot and Microsoft Copilot. You will see copilot everywhere if you’re using one or more Microsoft products.
• Overview of HashSet in C#Feb 14, 2025. This article explains HashSet in C#, covering its functionality, differences from List, and usage in various operations like add, delete, search, and iteration.
• Creating a ListView MAUI MVVM .NET 9 [GamesCatalog] - Part 2Feb 14, 2025. Create a MAUI .NET 9 project that displays game information using a ListView. Bind a ViewModel with an ObservableCollection of UIIGDBGame items, and design a clean UI using XAML, Grid, and custom styling for a game catalog.
• Installing NVS on Windows MachineFeb 03, 2025. The article explains setting up NVS (Node Version Switcher) on a Windows 11 workstation. This article explains how to install and configure NVS (Node Version Switcher) on Windows to manage multiple Node.js versions efficiently. It covers step-by-step installation, resolving certificate issues, and selecting Node versions.
• Understanding Garbage CollectionJan 31, 2025. Garbage Collection in C# automatically manages memory by clearing expired objects. It uses generations (Gen 0, 1, 2) for optimization. Dispose and Finalize handle resource cleanup, preventing memory leaks and enhancing performance.
• Sum of Fibonacci Series Up to a Number N in Java with CodeJan 20, 2025. This article explains how to calculate the sum of Fibonacci numbers up to a given number \( N \) in Java, with step-by-step logic, code examples, and practical implementation details.
• Print Fibonacci Series in Java Using Different MethodsJan 17, 2025. This article explores four methods to generate the Fibonacci series in Java: iteration, recursion, dynamic programming (memoization), and Java streams, offering optimized, modern, and functional approaches for various scenarios.
• Sorting Array in Ascending and Descending order in JavaJan 09, 2025. Learn to sort arrays in Java using built-in methods like `Arrays.sort()` for ascending order and `Arrays.sort()` with `Collections.reverseOrder()` for descending order, complete with examples and explanations.
• How to Set Up the Java Path on WindowsDec 27, 2024. The topic "How to Set Up the Java Path on Windows" covers the essential steps needed to configure your system so that Java commands can be run from anywhere in the command line.
• How to Run a Java Program on Windows?Dec 26, 2024. This guide walks you through the process of writing and running a simple Java program on a Windows computer. It covers the installation of the Java Development Kit (JDK), setting up your environment, writing a basic Java program (a car simulation), and compiling and running the program using Command Prompt.
• Check Armstrong Number in Different Ways Using C#Dec 26, 2024. In this article, we will create a program in C# to check if the entered number is an Armstrong number or not. Explore various methods to check Armstrong numbers in C#, including while loops, for loops, recursion, LINQ, and finding numbers within a range.
• Remove IIS Log Files (2) --- Automation by Windows Task SchedulerDec 17, 2024. This article is to discuss Automation by Windows Task Scheduler
• Create Worker Service and Deploy as Windows Service .NET CoreDec 04, 2024. In this article, we will learn how to create a .NET Worker Service in Visual Studio, configure it as a Windows Service, and manage it using commands for seamless background task execution.
• How to Hide Files on Windows?Nov 29, 2024. Learn how to hide files on Windows to protect your data and maintain privacy. This guide covers simple steps to conceal files or folders using built-in Windows features like File Explorer and hidden attributes.
• How to Configure Azure Cloud Backup Service to Windows 11Nov 28, 2024. This article guides you through configuring Azure Cloud Backup Service on Windows 11. It covers the entire process from creating a resource in the Azure portal to setting up backup with the MARS agent.
• Advanced C# 13 and .NET 9 Features for Expert .NET EngineersNov 22, 2024. With this guide, you will learn about enhanced pattern matching, static abstract members, Native AOT, and much more in C# 13 and .NET 9. Written by Ziggy Rafiq, this is the best resource for experienced .NET Software Engineer Leads.
• Setup .NET Core on Windows Server with IIS MigrationNov 21, 2024. This guide covers the installation of software required for .NET Core on Windows Server and the process of configuring IIS for hosting .NET Core applications.
• Install and Enable IIS Express on Windows 11Nov 16, 2024. Learn how to install and enable IIS Express on Windows 10/11. Follow simple steps to download, install, and activate IIS Express for hosting web applications on your system.
• .NET 9 : Params CollectionsNov 15, 2024. In .NET 9 the params keyword has been extended to support not only arrays but also other collection types like ReadOnlySpan<T> and IEnumerable<T>. This enhancement offers greater flexibility and potential performance improvements.
• Understanding IEnumerable In C#Nov 14, 2024. IEnumerable in C# is an interface that defines a standard way to iterate over a collection of objects. The IEnumerable interface in C# provides a standard, efficient way to iterate over collections using foreach, enabling cleaner, more readable code, and LINQ integration.
• Deploying ASP.NET Core 9 Application on IISNov 14, 2024. Learn how to publish ASP.NET Core 9 applications on IIS. This guide covers key steps such as setting the correct target framework, configuring IIS settings, handling common errors like 503, and using the app_offline.htm file for maintenance mode.
• Windows Shortcut keys for Working in Android StudioNov 11, 2024. This guide covers the most useful shortcuts for coding, navigation, and debugging in Android Studio. Learn how to speed up your workflow and work more efficiently with these simple keyboard shortcuts for developers.
• Exploring the New T-SQL Enhancements in SQL Server 2022Oct 31, 2024. In this article we will explore the powerful new T-SQL enhancements in SQL Server 2022, including features like DATE_BUCKET, DATETRUNC, and IS DISTINCT FROM, designed to simplify data handling and optimize performance for modern data needs.
• Windowing Enhancements New T-SQL Enhancement in SQL ServerOct 29, 2024. SQL Server 2022 introduces advanced T-SQL features, enhancing window functions, aggregations, and NULL handling. New options like the WINDOW clause and IGNORE NULLS optimize complex data queries, reduce code duplication, and improve readability.
• Using Azure AI for Time Series Forecasting: Best Practices & Use CasesOct 10, 2024. Time series forecasting in Azure AI leverages machine learning and deep learning to predict future trends, enhancing decision-making across sectors like retail, manufacturing, energy, finance, and healthcare.
• How to Install VMware Workstation on Windows 11Oct 09, 2024. VMware Workstation is a powerful virtualization software that allows users to run multiple operating systems on a single computer simultaneously. Ideal for IT professionals and developers, it enables testing software, learning new systems, and application development within isolated environments.
• How to Deploying Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD or WVD)Oct 07, 2024. Learn how to deploy Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD), formerly known as Windows Virtual Desktop (WVD), with this comprehensive guide. Explore essential steps for setting up a virtual desktop infrastructure, including configuration, management, and security best practices.
• Fibonacci Series : Recursion, Memoization, and Optimal ApproachOct 01, 2024. The Fibonacci series is a mathematical sequence starting with 0 and 1, where each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two. This article explores three methods to compute Fibonacci numbers in C#: recursion, memoization, and an optimal iterative approach.
• Check which process deleted the files on WindowSep 28, 2024. Enable event logging to identify the process causing deletion operations. Set up folder auditing by adjusting security properties, adding auditing entries, and running AuditPol commands.
• How to Download and Install the .NET Developer Framework?Sep 23, 2024. Microsoft .NET Framework is a Windows-only version of .NET used to build client and server applications. To install it, visit the .NET downloads page, choose the required version, download the executable file, agree to the license terms, and install. Restart your PC to use the framework in Visual Studio.
• Using C# 12 with Clean Code PracticesSep 21, 2024. Learn how to write cleaner, more maintainable code with C# 12 features such as primary constructors and improved pattern matching. This article explores practical examples and tips for applying clean code practices with C# 12.
• Exploring the Performance Boosts in .NET 9Sep 20, 2024. .NET 9 introduces key performance improvements, including Native AOT for faster startup times and reduced memory usage, optimized garbage collection, enhanced threading for multicore systems, and HTTP/3 support for improved network performance.
• Learn Sliding Window TechniqueSep 19, 2024. The Sliding Window Technique is an efficient method for solving problems involving subarrays or substrings. It uses a "window" that slides across the data structure, allowing for dynamic adjustments in size.
• Web Scraping using BeautifulSoup in PythonSep 03, 2024. Discover the basics of web scraping, HTML parsing, and how to extract data from websites efficiently. Ideal for beginners and professionals, this tutorial walks you through the process step by step with examples.
• Working with Form Objects in JavaScriptAug 28, 2024. This HTML document features a user input form that collects first name, last name, email address, and comments. JavaScript functions validate these inputs to ensure fields aren't blank and the email is properly formatted. Valid data is displayed in a new window for user review before final submission.
• How to Create a Custom Message Box in Windows Form ApplicationAug 28, 2024. Learn how to create a custom message box in a Windows Forms application using C#. This step-by-step guide covers everything from designing the message box to implementing it in your WinForms project.
• Intalling Windows Server 2025 Preview on VMware ESXiAug 23, 2024. Learn how to set up a virtual machine, configure ESXi settings, and optimize your server for the latest Windows Server version. Ideal for IT professionals and system administrators looking to explore new features.
• How To Upgrade Windows 11 System Files?Aug 23, 2024. Learn how to safely update essential OS components, enhance system performance, and ensure your PC runs smoothly. Whether you're fixing issues or improving functionality, our guide simplifies the process for all users.
• Python Data Types and CollectionsAug 22, 2024. Explore Python's essential data types and collections in this comprehensive guide. Learn about fundamental types like integers, floats, and strings, as well as advanced collections such as lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets.
• Brief Overview of Collection Types in C#Aug 20, 2024. Learn how each collection type is used in C# programming for efficient data storage and manipulation. Perfect for beginners and developers looking to strengthen their .NET skills.
• Deploy Internet Information Services (IIS) on Windows ServerAug 12, 2024. Internet Information Services (IIS) is a Microsoft web server on Windows Server, used to host and manage websites and web applications. It supports various web technologies like HTML, ASP.NET, and PHP, offering features for security, performance, and scalability.
• Understanding the NTILE Window Function in SQLAug 07, 2024. Understanding the NTILE Window Function in SQL" delves into the NTILE function, a powerful SQL tool used to divide result sets into a specified number of roughly equal groups.
• Running PowerShell Inside Docker ContainerAug 06, 2024. This approach leverages the flexibility of Docker and the powerful scripting capabilities of PowerShell, facilitating cross-platform development, streamlined deployments, and efficient DevOps workflows.
• Host-Named Site Collections in SharePointAug 02, 2024. This article explains host-named site collections in SharePoint, detailing their advantages, limitations, and the process for creation. Host-named site collections provide unique DNS names, facilitating multi-tenancy and scalable web applications.
• Understanding ROW_NUMBER() in SQL Window FunctionsAug 02, 2024. ROW_NUMBER() is a window function in SQL that assigns a unique number to each row within a partition of a result set. It’s useful for ranking, removing duplicates, pagination, and selecting the top N per group. Use PARTITION BY to group rows and ORDER BY to sort them within each partition.
• Windows Deployment with Ansible Manual and Automated InstallAug 01, 2024. This guide explains how to streamline Windows system deployment using a prepared Windows image and Ansible. Learn to create a base Windows image, generalize it with Sysprep, capture it, and then automate software installations using Ansible.
• How to Repair Corrupted System Files in Windows 11?Jul 29, 2024. When you refer to "Repair Any Corrupted System File in The Current Image," you're likely talking about using built-in Windows tools to repair system files
• The AbstractList Class and ArrayList Class in Java CollectionJul 29, 2024. The AbstractList class in the Java Collections Framework provides a skeletal implementation of the List interface, enabling developers to create custom list implementations with ease. It offers default implementations for some list operations, allowing focus on specific aspects of the custom list.
• Understanding Iterators in C#Jul 28, 2024. In this article, we will Understand key concepts, such as iterator methods and custom iteration patterns, and enhance your C# programming skills with practical examples and tips.
• How WaaS simplifies OS Deployment in M365Jul 26, 2024. In this article we will look at how Microsoft's approach of Windows as a Service (WaaS) in Microsoft 365 (M365) is providing and maintaining the Windows operating system. Also we will look at components of WaaS and how are they served to users.
• Fluent UI (Collection of UX Frameworks from Microsoft )Jul 23, 2024. This article is about Fluent UI, a Microsoft framework for building user interfaces. Fluent UI is a Microsoft UX framework for creating consistent, accessible, and customizable components across platforms, supporting design consistency, accessibility, and high performance with various theming options and responsive designs.
• Understanding flatMap in JavaJul 23, 2024. The flatMap operation in Java is a powerful tool for transforming and flattening collections. Learn about Java's `flatMap` operation in this article, which maps each element to a stream and flattens them into a single stream. Ideal for handling nested collections and complex data transformations.
• Vector Class and the Stack Class in Java CollectionsJul 19, 2024. The Vector and Stack classes in Java Collections Framework provide essential tools for managing dynamic arrays and last-in, first-out (LIFO) stacks, respectively.
• HashSet Class and TreeSet Class in Java CollectionsJul 19, 2024. Explore the HashSet and TreeSet classes in Java Collections Framework. Learn how HashSet uses hashing for fast access and TreeSet maintains sorted order through a Red-Black tree.
• Using Find Instead of FirstOrDefault with Collections in C# .NETJul 15, 2024. When working with collections in C# .NET, FirstOrDefault and Find serve similar purposes of retrieving elements based on conditions. FirstOrDefault is versatile for any IEnumerable<T>, while Find is optimized for List<T>, offering potentially better performance in list operations.
• Custom Controls in C# Windows FormsJul 08, 2024. Creating custom controls in C# Windows Forms enhances user experience by providing tailored functionalities. This guide covers deriving controls, combining multiple controls into composite ones, and implementing owner-drawn controls.
• Name a few techniques to optimize Reactjs app performanceJul 07, 2024. Optimizing React app performance involves leveraging techniques like React. memo, useMemo, and use callback to minimize unnecessary re-renders. Employing code splitting via dynamic imports with React.lazy reduces initial load times, while virtualization libraries such as react-window optimize the rendering of large lists.
• Implementing Periodic API Calls and Error Handling in C# Windows Forms ApplicationJul 04, 2024. The Form1 constructor initializes a form and starts a timer. When the timer elapses (t_Elapsed), it fetches data from APIs configured in WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings. The demoGet method handles API interactions, data processing, and posting using PostDataJSON.
• How to Create Multiple Filters in Gallery using CollectionJul 03, 2024. Filtering gallery on multiple selection is most demanding user-friendly functionality which could be expected by any business. In this post, we'll look at how to design and implement multiple filter on gallery using collection.
• How to Define a Custom Connector Using a Postman CollectionJul 02, 2024. Learn to convert Postman collections into custom connectors for Microsoft Power Platform. Export your collection in v2.1 format, import it into Power Automate or Power Apps, configure with host and base URLs, set authentication (API key, OAuth 2.0), and integrate seamlessly into workflows.
• Query to Find SQL Server VersionJul 02, 2024. To identify the version of SQL Server running, use the query SELECT @@VERSION AS 'SQL Server Version';. This returns detailed information including version number, edition (like Developer Edition), and details about the operating system it runs on, such as Windows Server 2019 Standard.
• Mastering LINQ: TakeWhile and SkipWhile in C# .NETJul 01, 2024. Explore LINQ's TakeWhile and SkipWhile methods in C#, which enhance data querying by conditionally including or excluding elements based on predicates. Learn how to use these powerful methods to process collections effectively, with detailed examples demonstrating their functionality and practical applications.
• Set Interface and Map Interface in java.util PackageJun 26, 2024. The Set Interface and Map Interface within the java.util package are fundamental components of Java's Collections Framework. The Set Interface defines a collection that does not allow duplicate elements, offering implementations like HashSet, TreeSet, and LinkedHashSet.
• Control Arduino Relay with Windows C# AppJun 25, 2024. This guide demonstrates how to control an Arduino board using a relay switch through a Windows application written in C#. By integrating Arduino with C# via serial communication, you can manage electrical devices efficiently.
• Harnessing the Power of Time: Time Series Data in AzureJun 24, 2024. In today's data-driven world, the ability to analyze and understand data that changes over time is crucial for businesses across industries. Enter Azure Time Series Insights (TSI), a cloud-based service from Microsoft designed specifically to manage and analyze time series data.
• How to Install and Configure Windows Admin CenterJun 21, 2024. Windows Admin Center (WAC) is a versatile, browser-based management platform for Windows Server, Windows Client, and more. It simplifies troubleshooting, configuration, and maintenance tasks, enabling remote management without separate server requirements.
• How to do .NET 8 Migration with Existing Tools?Jun 19, 2024. Microsoft's technology ecosystem spans desktop, web, and mobile apps, each requiring specific frameworks. To upgrade applications effectively, use Visual Studio 2022 with .NET Framework or Core, and the Upgrade assistant extension.
• Learn Garbage Collection in PythonJun 17, 2024. Discover how garbage collection in Python manages memory automatically, preventing memory leaks and optimizing performance. Learn about reference counting, the role of the garbage collector, handling circular references, and best practices for efficient memory management in Python applications.
• Garbage Collection (3), C# using statement --- Language support for DisposeJun 17, 2024. This article will discuss the C# using a statement. Garbage collection (GC) in computer science reclaims unused memory automatically. Invented by John McCarthy in 1959, GC simplifies memory management. This series explores GC in .NET, focusing on managed, unmanaged code and the `using` statement for resource management.
• Streamlining Collection Chunking in .NET 6: .Chunk vs. MethodsJun 16, 2024. .NET 6 introduced several new features and enhancements that streamline development in C#. One such feature is the . The chunk method, which provides a simple way to split collections into smaller, manageable parts.
• Understanding SQL Window FunctionsJun 13, 2024. SQL window functions perform advanced analytics by computing values over a defined set of rows, using partitions and ordering. They enable operations like running totals, moving averages, and rankings without grouping rows into single output rows.
• Microsoft Power Automate for Workflow EfficiencyJun 11, 2024. Microsoft Power Automate streamlines workflows between apps and services. Create automated processes effortlessly with templates and triggers for increased productivity and efficiency in your digital transformation journey.
• Comprehend MongoDB TTL Index CompletelyJun 11, 2024. This article explores MongoDB's TTL (Time to Live) indexes, a feature for automatically deleting documents from a collection after a specified time. TTL indexes are crucial for managing transient data like session logs and event data. They function through background threads that periodically remove expired documents.