An Overview Of Web Services In .NET

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/" soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-encoding">
    <soap:Header> ... </soap:Header>
    <soap:Body> ... <soap:Fault>
            <-- The Fault element is an optional element and it is used only if a fault occurs in web service. -->
        </soap:Fault>
    </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

• Open Microsoft Visual Studio. NET.
• From the File menu of Microsoft Visual Studio.NET, select New then select Web Site. It will display the New Web Site dialog box.
• The New Web Site dialog box contains three pans the left side pane, the middle pane, and the right side pane. From the left side pane, under the Installed Templates, select your desired programming language such as C# or Visual Basic then from the middle pane select ASP.NET Empty Web Site.
• In the Web location box, select File System; then enter the name of the folder where you want to keep your website.
• Now, click on the OK button of the new website dialog box. After these steps, an empty website project will be opened.
• Now add a Web Service file to the website project. To add a Web Service file to the website, right-click on the Project Name from the Solution Explorer and select Add then select the Add New Item option. When you select the Add New Item option, it opens the Add New Item window.
• The Add New Item window contains three panes, the left side pane, the middle pane, and the right side pane. From the middle pane of the Add New Item window, select the Web Service file and under the name textbox enter the name for the Web Service file and then press the Add button of the Add New Item window. The name of the Web Service file should be a valid name. The extension of the Web Service file is.ASMX. When the Web Service file is added to the website project then two files are automatically added to the website project. The extension of one of the files is .cs and the extension of the second file is.ASMX. Suppose the name of the Web Service file is WebServiceCalculation then two files are automatically added to the website project. The name of the first file is WebServiceCalculation.cs and the name of the second file is WebServiceCalculation.asmx. These two files are created automatically in the App_Code folder.

Following is the default code of the WebServiceCalculation.cs file.

ASP.NET C# Web Service

using System.Web.Services;

[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
public class WebServiceCalculation : WebService
{
    public WebServiceCalculation()
    {
        //Uncomment the following line if using designed components
        //InitializeComponent();
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public string HelloWorld()
    {
        return "Hello World";
    }
}

The default Web Service contains a single method and when it is invoked using the Web Browser, it displays a string message, Hello World. We can change the code of this method according to our task or functionality and we can also create more Web Service methods according to the number of tasks or functions. For example, if we want to create a Web Service for calculation purposes to add and subtract two integer values then we will create two Web Service methods, one method to perform addition and another method to perform subtraction. To create a Web Service that performs addition and subtraction of two integer values, the above code of the WebServiceCalculation.cs file will be replaced as follows.

ASP.NET C# Web Service

using System.Web.Services;

[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
public class WebServiceCalculation : WebService
{
    public WebServiceCalculation()
    {
        //Uncomment the following line if using designed components
        //InitializeComponent();
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public int AddTwoValues(int x, int y)
    {
        return x + y;
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public int SubtractTwoValues(int x, int y)
    {
        return x - y;
    }
}

The above Web Service application contains two web service methods in which one method calculates the sum of two integer values and the second method calculates the subtraction of the two integer values. Now the Web Service Server application is ready to use. When the above Web Service application is run, the.ASMX file lists the names of the two Web Service methods in the Web Browser. To use a Web Service, a client application is created and it is referenced with the Web Service application using the Add Web reference to the website.

Consume Web Service in ASP.NET Web Application

To consume a Web Service application in ASP.NET Web Application, follow the following steps.

1. Open a new empty project of ASP.NET Web Application.
2. Now, go to the Solution Explorer, right-click on the project name press the Add option then select Service Reference. The Service Reference opens the Add Service Reference window.
3. Now, from the Add Service Reference window, press the Advanced button. The Advanced button of the Add Service Reference window opens the Service Reference Settings window.
4. Now, from the Service Reference Settings window, press the Add Web Reference button. The Add Web Reference button opens the Add Web Reference window that contains a URL textbox. Now, copy the URL of the.ASMX file of the Web Service application put this URL in the URL text box of the Add Web Reference window and press the Go button.
5. When we press the Go button, the Web Service is displayed in the browser of the Add Web Reference window and the Web Service file.ASMX is displayed in the browser of the Add Web Reference window then in the Web reference name text box, a default name is displayed for the Web Service that is usually the name of the localhost. We can give any name to the Web reference name.
6. Change the Web reference name from the localhost to any other name, suppose ReferenceWebService, and then press the Add Reference button. The Add Reference button creates a Proxy on the client side. The Web reference name is used as a directive in the client application and it must be included in the client application. We can also use a fully qualified name of the Web Service application's main class. The Web Service reference is automatically added to the Web Application under the Web references folder.
7. Now add a new Web Form to the Web application and give a meaningful name to it. Suppose the name of the new Web Form is ConsumeWebServiceForm. Now create three textbox controls and two command button controls on the ConsumeWebServiceForm. The first two textbox controls will read two integer values from the user and the third textbox control is used to display the result of the Web Service method. The first button control is used to send the values of the first two textbox controls to the AddTwoValues Web Service method and the second button control is used to send the values of the first two textbox controls to the SubtractTwoValues Web Service method.

Include Web Service Reference in Web Application

When the Web Service reference is added to the ASP.NET Web Application, the Web reference name is included in the directive section of the Web application. When the Web reference name is included in the ASP.NET Web Application, the Web Service class is visible to use its member methods. The member methods of the Web Service class are Web Service methods. To use Web Service methods, in the client application of ASP.NET Web application, an object of the Web Service class is declared and it is used to invoke the Web Service methods. Following is the general syntax to include the Web reference name in the ASP.NET Web application.

using ASP.NET Web Application Name.Web reference name

Now, open the Web Form ConsumeWebServiceForm.aspx of the ConsumeWebService Web application in design view and create three textbox controls and two button controls or put the following code, The design code of the Web Form ConsumeWebServiceForm.aspx,

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <div>
            <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
            <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox2" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
            <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox3" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
            <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Add Values" OnClick="Button1_Click" />
            <asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" Text="Subtract Values" OnClick="Button2_Click" />
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Now, open the code behind file ConsumeWebServiceForm.aspx.cs of the Web Form ConsumeWebServiceForm.aspx and put the following code, Code of the code behind file ConsumeWebServiceForm.aspx.cs of the ConsumeWebService Web application.

using System;
using ConsumeWebService.ReferenceWebService;

namespace ConsumeWebService {
    public partial class ConsumeWebServiceForm : System.Web.UI.Page {
        //Declare an object from the class of Web Service
        WebServiceCalculation obj = new WebServiceCalculation();

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {}

        protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
            int x, y, Result;
            x = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
            y = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox2.Text);
            Result = obj.AddTwoValues(x, y);
            TextBox3.Text = Result.ToString();
        }

        protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
            int x, y, Result;
            x = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
            y = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox2.Text);
            Result = obj.SubtractTwoValues(x, y);
            TextBox3.Text = Result.ToString();
        }
    }
}

[WebMethod]

It is an attribute that is used in Web Service applications to mark a method as an XML web service method. When a method is marked as an XML web service method then that method can be exposed in the client application. We cannot access any method of a web service application in a client application without the [WebMethod] attribute. The [WebMethod] attribute is usually used to a Public method of the web service application. We can also use the properties of this attribute to further configure the behavior of the XML Web service method. The ASP.NET makes it possible to map traditional methods to Web Service operations through the [WebMethod] attribute. The [WebMethod] supports a number of properties that control the behavior of the methods. The fully qualified name of the [WebMethod] is System.Web.Services.WebMethod. The [WebMethod] attribute provides the following properties.

• BufferResponse
• CacheDuration
• Description
• EnableSession
• MessageName

BufferResponse

This property of the WebMethod attribute enables buffering of responses for an XML Web service method. It takes a Boolean value either true or false. When we set it to true then ASP.NET buffers the entire response before sending it down to the client. The buffering is very efficient and helps improve performance by minimizing communication between the worker process and the IIS process. When we set it to false then ASP.NET buffers the response in chunks of 16KB. If we do not want the entire contents of the response in memory at once when we set this property to false. The default value of this property is true.

CacheDuration

ASP.NET has built-in support for caching the data on the server. Web Services can use the caching support of ASP.NET to cache the result of a web method. The CacheDuration property takes an integer value that indicates the number of seconds that the web method response will remain in the cache. The default value is 0, which means the server doesn't cache the response. When we enable caching, the server holds responses in memory for the cache duration, so we must use caution if we expect responses to be large or if we expect requests to vary widely. Following is the general syntax of the CacheDuration property.

[WebMethod(CacheDuration = 20)]

In the above declaration, we assign 20 to CacheDuration which means the server will hold the response in memory for 20 seconds.

Description

This property is used to specify a description of the web service method. Following is the general syntax of the Description.

[WebMehtod(Description = "Description")]

EnableSession

This property of the WebMethod attribute enables a session state for an XML Web service method. It takes a Boolean value either true or false. When we set its value to true, the XML Web service can access the session state collection directly from HttpContext.Current.Session.

MessageName

This property of the WebMethod attribute enables the XML Web service to uniquely identify overloaded methods using an alias.