Comparision of Java With Other Programming Languages

Introduction

In this article, we will learn about the Java programming language. It is a high-level, class-based, and object-oriented programming language. Java is a secure and robust language. Java runs on multiple platforms. It means that it can work on any software or hardware platform. It has a virtual machine specification. It has its runtime environment JRE (Java Runtime Environment) and an API (Application Programming Interface) Specification.

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When is Java used?

Java is developed for small embedded systems like set-top boxes, but nowadays, many Java devices are used in the market. Java is now used in set-top-boxes, many digital devices, mobiles, games, etc.

C vs Java

Comparison	C	Java
Platform-independent	C is a platform-dependent language.	Java is a platform-independent language.
Oops	C is a procedural programming language.	Java is an object-oriented programming language.
Programming paradigm	C is a procedure-oriented programming language.	Java is a data-oriented programming language.
Approach	C follows a top-bottom approach.	Java follows the bottom-top approach.
Memory management	C follows user-based memory management.	Java internally manages the memory.
Pointers	C makes use of pointers. We can write a pointer program in C.	Java supports pointers internally, but we can't write a program in Java.
Portability	C is a platform-dependent language, so it is not portable.	Java is a platform-independent language, so it is portable.
Call by value and Call by reference	C supports call by value and call by reference both.	Java supports only calls by value.
Structure and union	C supports structures and unions	Java doesn't support structures and unions.
Thread support	C doesn't have built-in support for the threads.	It has built-in thread support.
Memory Allocation	In C, Memory allocation is done by the malloc function.	In Java, memory allocation is done by a new keyword.
Hello World Program	#include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello, World!"); return 0; }	class A { public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.println("Hello World"); } }

C++ vs Java

Comparison	C++	Java
Platform-independent	C++ is a platform-dependent language.	Java is a platform-independent language.
Used for	C++ is mostly used for System programming.	Java is mainly used for application programming.
goto statement	C++ supports the goto statement.	Java doesn't support the goto statement.
Multiple inheritances	C++ supports multiple inheritances.	Java doesn't support multiple inheritances.
Operator overloading	++ supports operators overloading.	Java doesn't support operator overloading.
Pointers	C++ makes use of pointers. We can write a pointer program inC++.	Java supports pointers internally, but we can't write a program in Java.
Compiler and interpreter	C++ uses only the compiler.	Java uses both a compiler and an interpreter.
Call by value and Call by reference	C++ supports the call by value and call by reference both.	Java supports only calls by value.
Structure and union	C++ supports structures and unions.	Java doesn't support structures and unions.
Thread support	It doesn't have built-in support for the threads.	It has built-in thread support.
Documentation comment/td>	C++ doesn't support documentation comments.	Java supports documentation comments.
Hello World Program	#include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World\n"; return 0; }	class A { public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.println("Hello World"); } }

Kotlin vs Java

Kotlin has no provision for static members.

Java supports static members in the program.

Comparison	Kotlin	Java
Checked exception	Kotlin has no provision for checked exceptions. Therefore, there is no need for a catch block or to declare any exception.	Java finds it infuriating to use try/catch blocks in the code. The omission made by Kotlin can be considered a welcome change.
Code Conciseness	Comparing a Java class with an equivalent Kotlin class demonstrates the conciseness of Kotlin code.	Compared to a Kotlin class, Java class code is large.
Data classes	Full-size projects have several classes that are solely meant to hold data.	In Java, a developer needs to write a lot of boilerplate code.
Extension function	Kotlin allows developers to extend a class with new functionality via extension functions.	Extension functions are not available in Java.
Implicit Widening Conversions	There is no support for implicit widening conversions for numbers in Kotlin.	Java has support for implicit conversions.
Non-private Fields	Kotlin doesn't have non-private fields.	Non-private fields in Java are useful in scenarios where the callers of an object need to change accordingly to its representation.
Static members	Kotlin has no provision for static members.	Java supports static members in the program.
Ternary operator	Kotlin doesn't have a ternary operator.	Java uses the ternary operator in the program.
Primitive Types	Variables of a primitive type are objects.	Variables of a primitive type aren't objects.
Support for Constructors	It can have one or more secondary constructors.	You can't have secondary constructors. Although, we can have multiple constructors (constructor overloading).