Synchronous optical networking (SONET) multiplexing protocol for transferring multiple digital bit streams using lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over the same optical fiber.

Short for Synchronous Optical Network, a standard for connecting fiber-optic transmission systems. SONET was proposed by Bellcore in the middle 1980s and is now an ANSI standard.
SONET defines interface standards at the physical layer of the OSI seven-layer model. The standard defines a hierarchy of interface rates that allow data streams at different rates to be multiplexed. SONET establishes Optical Carrier (OC) levels from 51.8 Mbps (OC-1) to 9.95 Gbps (OC-192). Prior rate standards used by different countries specified rates that were not compatible for multiplexing. With the implementation of SONET, communication carriers throughout the world can interconnect their existing digital carrier and fiber optic systems.

The international equivalent of SONET, standardized by the ITU ( INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION), is called SDH (SYNCHONOUS DIGITAL hIERARICHY).