The small intestine, which is the main site of digestion and absorption, is subdivided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Covering the surface of its mucous membrane lining are a large number of small prominences called villa which increase the surface for absorption and allow the digested nutrients to diffuse into small blood-vessels lying immediately under the epithelium. Mouth, pharynx, and esophagus The digestive process begins in the mouth and mastication and salivation. The purpose of mastication is to crush and grind the food into small particles. Saliva is poured into the mouth from three pairs of glands named parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.
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