MongoDB Find Method (Day 7)

Before reading this article, I highly recommend reading the following previous parts of the series:

In the previous article, we learned about the insert method. Today, we will learn about the find method of MongoDB databases. In a relational database, we use a “Select * From Table_Name” query to fetch the data from a table. However, we use the “find” method in MongoDB to retrieve data from a collection. The find method contains many properties and options, so we can't understand the find method in a single article. Therefore, I divided this method into two parts. Today, we learn some basic operations of the find method.

Find: The find method selects documents from a collection and returns a cursor to the selected documents.

Syntax: db.Collection_Name.find( query , projection ).

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Description
Query	Document	Specifies selection criteria. It is optional parameter. If not specified then it returns all records.
Projection	Document	Specifies fields to return . It is an optional parameter. If not specified then it returns all fields.

The find method does its work in the following 3 steps:

The first select documents the match query criteria.
Select specific fields from the documents according to a projection parameter
Returns a cursor to the selected and filtered documents

Actually, the find method returns a cursor to selected documents. This cursor automatically displays 20 records on the screen. We can use its command to continue the iteration.

First, we create a collection and insert some data into the collection. Then we retrieve these records using the find method.

Create a collection

Now insert some data into the preceding collection, as in the following:

insert some data into Collection

In the Employee_Details collection, we insert 8 records (documents). Now we retrieve these records using the find method in various forms.

Find() Method

The find method will display all the records of the collection in an unstructured format.

Syntax: db.Collection_Name.find()

Example:

We can see that the find method returns data in a non-structured manner. That is very hard to read. Therefore, we can use the pretty() method to show the data in a structured manner.

Pretty() Method

The Pretty method shows data in a structured (formatted) manner.

Syntax: db.Collection_Name.find().pretty()

Example:

Now the preceding output is very easy to read and understand.

Find method with Conditional operators

Similar to a relational database, MongoDB supports conditional select operations. MongoDB supports a number of conditional operators. Some commonly used conditional operators are the following:

Operator	Syntax
Equal	{ <Key> : <Value> }
Less Than	{ <Key> : { $lt : <value> } }
Greater Than	{ <Key> : { $gt : <Value> } }
Less Than Equal	{ <Key> : { $lte : <Value> } }
Greater Than Equal	{ <Key> : { $gte : <Value> } }
Not Equal	{ <Key> : { $ne : <Value> } }

Now we execute some query for each conditional operator.

Query 1: Retrieve the record of all employees where City is equal to Delhi.

Output

conditionals operator

Query 2: Retrieve the record of all Employees where the age of the employee is less than 23.

Output

Output

Query 3: Retrieve the record of all Employees where the Salary of the employee is greater than 40000.

Output

result

Query 4: Retrieve the record of all Employees where the age of the employee is greater than or equal to 24.

Output

Query 5: Retrieve the record of all Employees where the Salary of the employee is less than or equal to 39000.

Output

Retrieve record

Query 6: Retrieve the record of all employees where the City of the Employee is not equal to Delhi.

Output

Retrieve record of all employee

Find Method with Multiple Conditional operators

Sometimes, we must apply multiple conditional operators in a find method. MongoDB provides various methods for such requirements. Next, we will explain some of these methods.

AND Condition

Using an AND condition, we can apply multiple conditional operators. The result will be to retrieve when all the conditions become True. We can pass multiple keys by separating them with a ','. Then MongoDB treats it as an AND condition.

Syntax: db.Collection_Name.find( {Key1:Value1 , Key2:value2,……..Keyn:Valuen })

Query: Retrieve the record of all employees where the City of the Employee is not equal to Delhi and the salary is greater than 45000.

Output

OR Condition

Using an OR condition we can apply multiple conditional operators. The result will be retrieved when one or more conditions are True. We need to use the $or keyword for an OR condition.

Syntax: db.Collection_Name.find ( { $or:[ { Key1: Value1 }, {Key2:Value2}, ……..{ Key2: Value2} ] } )

Query: Retrieve the record of all employees where the age of the Employee is greater than 25 or the salary is greater than 45000.

Output

In Condition

The In condition is similar to the in condition of relational databases. The In condition is useful when we want to specify more than one value for a single key. We need to use the $in keyword for an In condition. We can retrieve the same result using the OR conditional operator that we retrieve using the $in keyword.

Query: Retrieve the record of all employees where the age of the Employee is equal to 23 or 27.

First, we retrieve the result using an OR conditional operator.

result using OR conditional operator

Now we retrieve the same result using an IN operator.

result using IN operator

We can see that the output of both queries are the same.

Use AND and OR operator together

The following example shows a demo of how to use AND and OR conditional operators together.

Query: Retrieve the record of all employees where the Salary of the employee is greater than 50000 and the age of the Employee is equal to 23 or 27.

Output:

Using the AND and IN operators together

The following example shows a demo of how to use the AND and IN operators together.

Query: Retrieve the record of all employees where the city of the employee is not equal to Delhi and the age of the Employee is equal to 23 or 27.

Output

Use AND and IN operator together

Today, we learned the find method and the use of conditional operators with the find method. In the next article, we learn some more about the find method.