Scanner is a class in java.util package used for obtaining the input of the primitive types like int, double, etc. and strings. It is the easiest way to read input in a Java program, though not very efficient if you want an input method for scenarios where time is a constraint like in competitive programming.
To create an object of Scanner class, we usually pass the predefined object System.in, which represents the standard input stream. We may pass an object of class File if we want to read input from a file.
To read numerical values of a certain data type XYZ, the function to use is nextXYZ(). For example, to read a value of type short, we can use nextShort()
To read strings, we use nextLine().
To read a single character, we use next().charAt(0). next() function returns the next token/word in the input as a string and charAt(0) function returns the first character in that string.
Example
// Java program to read some values using Scanner
// class and print their mean.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ScannerDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Declare an object and initialize with
// predefined standard input object
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// Initialize sum and count of input elementsint sum = 0, count = 0;// Check if an int value is availablewhile (sc.hasNextInt()){// Read an int valueint num = sc.nextInt();sum += num;count++;}int mean = sum / count;System.out.println("Mean: " + mean);}
}
Input
101
223
238
892
99
500
728
OUTPUT
Mean: 397
Example 2
// Java program to read data of various types using Scanner class.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ScannerDemo1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Declare the object and initialize with
// predefined standard input object
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// String inputString name = sc.nextLine();// Character inputchar gender = sc.next().charAt(0);// Numerical data input// byte, short and float can be read// using similar-named functions.int age = sc.nextInt();long mobileNo = sc.nextLong();double cgpa = sc.nextDouble();// Print the values to check if the input was correctly obtained.System.out.println("Name: "+name);System.out.println("Gender: "+gender);System.out.println("Age: "+age);System.out.println("Mobile Number: "+mobileNo);System.out.println("CGPA: "+cgpa);}
}
INPUT
Geek
F
40
9876543210
9.9
OUPUT
Name: Geek
Gender: F
Age: 40
Mobile Number: 9876543210
CGPA: 9.9
Sometimes, we have to check if the next value we read is of a certain type or if the input has ended (EOF marker encountered).
Then, we check if the scanner’s input is of the type we want with the help of hasNextXYZ() functions where XYZ is the type we are interested in. The function returns true if the scanner has a token of that type, otherwise false. For example, in the below code, we have used hasNextInt(). To check for a string, we use hasNextLine(). Similarly, to check for a single character, we use hasNext().charAt(0).
