Robots
Technology
is a kind of a Web built by threads of Hardware and software. To create a new
thing whether it is an invention or designing we take help of so many
technologies which is created by logic.These logic include computer as well
as electronics programming.
We first set a plan or idea to perform anything and
then keeping that task in mind we take actions. Deciding new plans come under
planning technique.
Robots are another example of technology.
Robots are nothing
but a combination of designing and constructing ideas. Robots can be fixed as
well as mobile; Fixed Robots are widely used in industrial applications but with
the advancement of technology.
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Classes of Robots: Robots are
classified into several classes-Robot Manipulators, Fixed and Mobile.
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Robot
Manipulators :
A manipulator is a kind of device which is used to manipulate things without any
direct Contact. They do it by using their Arms. Arm is nothing but a of a chain
of rigid bodies which are interconnected by joints, basically it is a kinematic
chain which is in series. The kinematic chain can be open or closed depends on
its structure.
If it is a series of chain which has two ends it would be
considered as Open whereas a closed loop of chains will lead to a Closed
structure. Earlier they were used in inaccessible places but recently we have
started using them in other places like Medical field(where they assist in
surgery) and Space also.
Fixed Robots : Fixed robots has a fixed base, these robots as we have already discuss has a
very vast application in industrial areas as well. So we can categorize some of
them as industrial robots also.
The fixed
robots are generally attached to the table or stand in a definite position .
Fixed robots are rich in features.
Mobile Robots :
The very basic feature of the mobile robots is the presence of a mobile base
which makes it capable to move freely in the surroundings, there are different
forms of mobile robots, can be differential drive or Synchro-drive, tricycle
robots or car like mobile robots are also very common. These robots are mainly
used in service applications motion capabilities are required.
Components of Robotic System
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Robot is a combination of Actuators, sensors and controller. Actuators convert
stored energy into kinetic energy. We generally used electrical motors.
Although D.c motors are used in Portable Robots but in Industrial Robots we
preferred to use AC motors.
Nowadays we use chemical and compressed air
actuators as well. Air muscles which is an another kind of actuator are also used as artificial muscles. These are
special tubes which gets contract when air is forced into them. In another kind
of wire we use electricity instead of air. But that is used in small
applications.
Power Source has a significant role in the working of Robotics,
generally Lead-acid batteries are used but we other potential power sources we
use gases on compressed phenomena and hydraulics as well, organic waste material
can also be used.
As a Robotic system is a closed system hence a Feedback is also used in the
whole system. As we can see in the above diagram that sensors are used at the
place of feedback component. These sensors can be IR,Pressure,Light and
temperature.
The function of sensory system is to acquire data on the internal
and external status; it is so obvious that regarding internal status we consider
the manufacturing part while as external status, surroundings is considered.
Examples are position transducers and cameras. While constructing any robot a
Planning and plotting is done.
This comes under
Planning Technique. After planning the goals several actions has to take to
fulfill those goals which comes under the functioning of control system. Now
what control system does, It controls the action in respect to the goals which
are set under planning process.
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Transducer
Industrial-Robots
: When we talk about industrial Robots we talk about a big contribution by these
smart human beings. An Industrial Robot is an automatically controlled
and reprogrammable device.
The
early industrial Robots were developed in 1960sThe early industrial robots were
developed in the 1960s, under the Technologies of Numerical Control Machines
for Precise Manufacturing and Tele-operators for handling of Radioactive
material.
These industrial applications are used in areas of
painting,Welding,assembling parts in shifting objects from one place to another.
Due to their properties of high Precision and speed they are also used in
product Testing as well.
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Why Robots so Popular in Industries..?
Robots reduce the manufacturing costs, they work on the proper programming
therefore provides accuracy in giving outputs. Not only this, use of Robots in
industries increases productivity.
Improves product quality and yes we can use them continuously without facing any
fall in their performance.
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Conclusion : Robots has made work and hence life easier. In earlier days they were used only
in some selective areas but now they are being used in other applications also,
we can find them in hospital's operation theaters helping doctors in performing
critical operations; it would definitely be a very different feeling to see
saving life of a master by its own creation. Although use of Robots is
advantageous till it does.
Though robots has some disadvantages also such as High
start-up cost, absence of sensitivity plus they are also responsible for
reducing labor but increased the job opportunities in field of engineering and
technologies at the same time.
Thus use of Robots is advantageous till they do
not violate the natural laws which says that it should not harm human beings or
allow human beings to come to harm anyone and must obey his master's orders.