Introduction and Goal

In this article, we will look how we can trace and debug information in WCF services. There are some ready made tracelisteners provided by WCF. The base of these ready made trace listeners is .NET trace listener. So we will first understand the basic concept of trace listener and then go through the ready made tracelisteners provided by WCF.
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WCF basic questions and answers
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Can you explain the concept of trace listener?

'Tracelistener' are objects that get tracing information from the trace class and they output the data to some medium. For instance you can see from the figure 'TraceListener' how it listens to the trace object and outputs the same to UI, File or a windows event log. There are three different types of 'tracelistener' first is the 'defaulttracelistener' (this outputs the data to UI), second is 'textwritertracelistener' (this outputs to a file) and the final one is 'Eventlogtracelistener' which outputs the same to a windows event log.
Figure - TraceListener
Below is a code snippet for 'textwritertracelistener' and 'eventlogtracelistener'. Using 'textwritertracelistener' we have forwarded the trace's to 'ErrorLog.txt' file and in the second snippet we have used the 'Eventlogtracelistener' to forward the trace's to windows event log.
2.jpg
Figure:- Tracelistener in action

What are the readymade trace events and they are available for which WCF objects?

You can always use the core 'Tracelistener' events provided by .NET , but WCF has readymade trace listeners for the core WCF objects.

Assembly Name

Description

System.ServiceModel

Logs the following:

  • Message process
  • Reading of configuration information
  • Transport-level action
  • Security requests

System.ServiceModel.MessageLogging

Generates tracing information for every message that flows through the system.

System.ServiceModel.IdentityModel

Generate trace data for authentication and authorization.

System.ServiceModel.Activation

Emits information regarding activation of the service.

System.Runtime.Serialization

Emits information when objects are serialized or deserialized. WCF always serializes and de-serializes information during request so it's a good event to see the content of the request.

System.IO.Log

Emits messages with respect to Common Log File System (CLFS).

CardSpace

Emits trace messages related to any CardSpace identity processing that occurs within WCF context.

How can we enable tracing on the readymade tracing WCF objects?

We will enable tracing on 'System.Servictracing we need to

How can we enable tracing on the readymade tracing WCF objects?

We will enable tracing on 'System.ServiceModel' tracing object. To enable tracing we need to enable the 'system.diagnostics' XML node in the 'web.config' file of the WCF service. We need to also define the type of listeners for the 'System.ServiceModel' listener object. So we add the 'listeners' tag with the type as 'System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener'. We need to also define the file and path where the file is created. For the current scenario we have defined the file as 'Traces.svclog' and the folder as 'c:\' drive.
  1. <system.diagnostics>
  2. <sources>
  3. <source name="System.ServiceModel"
  4. switchValue="Information, ActivityTracing">
  5. <listeners>
  6. <add name="log"
  7. type="System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener"
  8. initializeData="c:\Traces.svclog" />
  9. </listeners>
  10. </source>
  11. </sources>
  12. </system.diagnostics>
Now if you run the WCF service you can see a XML file created as shown below.
  1. <E2ETraceEvent xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2004/06/E2ETraceEvent">
  2. <System xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2004/06/windows/eventlog/system">
  3. <EventID>0</EventID>
  4. <Type>3</Type>
  5. <SubType Name="Transfer">0</SubType>
  6. <Level>255</Level>
  7. <TimeCreated SystemTime="2009-04-30T03:21:09.5625000Z" />
  8. <Source Name="System.ServiceModel" />
  9. <Correlation ActivityID="{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}" RelatedActivityID="{d11829b7-d2db-46d5-a4ac-49a37a56376e}"
  10. />
  11. <Execution ProcessName="WebDev.WebServer" ProcessID="2660" ThreadID="8" />
  12. <Channel/>
  13. <Computer>COMPAQ-JZP37MD0</Computer>
  14. </System>
  15. <ApplicationData></ApplicationData>
  16. </E2ETraceEvent>

What is the concept of tracelevel in trace listeners?

In the previous question we have specified switch value as information. This value indicates what type and level of tracing information you want to record. Below is the list of the same.
Trace Level Description
Off Ignore all trace messages
Critical Log unexpected processing events or unhandled exceptions have occurred. The application will terminate immediately or shortly.
Error An unexpected processing event or exception has occurred. The application is still capable of continuing its processing.
Warning Indicates there is a possible problem but the application will continue running.
Information Application is running smoothly only that informative message is recorded. In this case messages are just milestones.
Verbose Very similar to information but provides more details as compared.
ActivityTracing In this case messages are related to communication between components and the activities.
All In this case all messages are captured.

Trace level value is specified in 'source' tag in switch vale. For instance the below 'web.config' snippet indicates the trace type as 'Information'.
  1. <system.diagnostics>
  2. <sources>
  3. <source name="System.ServiceModel"
  4. switchValue="Information, ActivityTracing">
  5. ............
  6. ............
  7. ............
  8. ............

What is a service level message and transport level message?

You can log WCF message at two levels one is service level and the other is transport level. Service level:-In this the messages are logged as they enter the user code or leave the user code. Transport level: - In this the messages are logged as they are ready to be encoded / decoded. All transport level, infrastructure messages and also reliable messaging is logged. You specify the message levels in the diagnostics node as shown in the below code snippet.
  1. <system.serviceModel>
  2. <diagnostics>
  3. <messageLogging
  4. logEntireMessage="true"
  5. logMalformedMessages="false"
  6. logMessagesAtServiceLevel="false"
  7. logMessagesAtTransportLevel="true"
  8. maxMessagesToLog="3000"
  9. maxSizeOfMessageToLog="10000"/>
  10. </diagnostics>
  11. </system.serviceModel>
'Messagelogging' also has other attributes , below is the short description about the same.
Attribute Description
logEntireMessage Should the entire message be logged on only the header.
logMalformedMessages Should malformed messages be logged.
logMessagesAtServiceLevel Should service-level messages be logged.
logMessagesAtTransportLevel Should transport level messages be logged.
maxMessageToLog Number indicating how many messages should be logged.
maxSizeOfMessageToLog The default value is 256Kb. Max size of the message log.
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