Questions
1. Difference between .NET Framework, .NET Core & .NET 6/7
Cross-platform?
Performance?
Microservices support?
Hosting?
2. What is CLR, CTS, CLS?
CLR = Runtime (memory mgmt, GC, JIT)
CTS = Common type system
CLS = Language interoperability rules
3. Value Type vs Reference Type
| Value Type | Reference Type |
|---|---|
| Stack memory | Heap memory |
| Copied by value | Copied by reference |
4. Boxing & Unboxing
Convert value → object = Boxing
Convert object → value = Unboxing
5. Garbage Collection & Generations
Gen 0, Gen 1, Gen 2
Managed heap
IDisposable,using
6. Sealed, Static, Abstract Class vs Interface
| Feature | Abstract | Interface |
|---|---|---|
| Can have implementation | Yes | .NET 8 also supports default |
| Multiple inherit | No | Yes |
7. Async / Await & Task vs Thread
Task uses thread pool
Async frees thread, better scaling
8. LINQ
Examples
Select,Where,Join,GroupBy,Any,FirstOrDefault
9. Delegates, Events, Func, Action
Delegate = method pointer
Event = pub-sub model
Func<in,out>has return typeAction<>return void
ASP.NET MVC / .NET Core
1. MVC Lifecycle
Request → Routing → Controller → Action → View
2. Filters
Authorization,Action,Result,Exception
3. Dependency Injection
Constructor injection preferred
Built-in DI container in .NET Core
4. Middleware pipeline
Use → Run → Map
5. ViewBag vs ViewData vs TempData
| Feature | ViewBag | ViewData | TempData |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Dynamic | Dictionary | Dictionary |
| Life | Current request | Current req | Next request (Redirect) |
6. REST API Concepts
GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
Status codes (200,400,401,404,500)
CORS
JWT auth
Entity Framework Core
1. Code-First vs Database-First
Migrations in code-first
Reverse engineer DB-first
2. Lazy vs Eager Loading
Include()for eager loading
3. LINQ Joins
joinkeyword or navigation properties
SQL & DB Design
1. Normalization
1NF, 2NF, 3NF
2. Index Types
Clustered vs Non-clustered
Index usage problem = slow
INSERT/UPDATE
3. Stored Procedure vs Function
Function can’t call SP
Function must return value
4. Joins
Inner/Left/Right/Cross
Real-Time Architecture & Security
1. SOLID Principles
Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, etc.
2. Repository Pattern
Abstraction over data layer
3. OAuth / JWT
Token-based security
4. Microservices Basics
API Gateway, Service registry, Docker
Common Coding Questions
| Topic | Example |
|---|---|
| String reverse | Without Reverse() |
| Second highest number | LINQ |
| Palindrome | String & number |
| Remove duplicates | HashSet / LINQ |
| Prime number | Efficient loop logic |
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