End-To-End Testing Of Your Web Applications With Canopy

Why Is Canopy Stabilization Layer Built on Top of Selenium?

One of the most crucial concepts of Canopy is reliability - when performing an action the framework tries, during the time span specified via elementTimeout or compareTimeout or pageTimeout, before failing. This improves the experience of writing tests.

Expressiveness

The syntax looks pretty self-explanatory:

In one of my previous articles, I have already expressed my opinion regarding power and expressiveness of F#.

Writing More Tests

To start, just create a console application, install nuget package canopy and create tests in Program.fs like below:

Accessing IWebDriver

If you've ever written tests with Selenium using C#, you might be aware of IWebDriver interface which you still might use for some advanced configuration. For example, let's say we want to run our tests with a browser opened fullscreen. Then we can add the following function to our Program.fs file

Accessing IWebElement

Most of canopy's assertions, i.e., == accept as a parameter either a string which can be css or xpath selector or instance of IWebElement type which again might be already familiar to you if you've ever written selenium tests using C#. So let's say we want to upload something into file upload control.

Splitting Up Big File

Patterns which I've practiced to keep test project maintainable include extracting selectors into page modules and moving tests to separate files.

Let's revisit our github example by moving out selectors into the separate module:

Now we can reference them in the test which we'll move into a separate module too:

Our Program.fs will look like this:

Running Test in Parallel

Recently, Canopy had a major upgrade from 1.x to 2.x and one of the great new features is the ability to run tests in parallel.

Let's revisit our example by using this ability:

The key trick to follow here is that each test operates now with its own copy of browser and assertions are now taken from open canopy.parallel.functions to accept browser as an argument. Also, please note the prunner dependency which can be taken from here.

Headless Testing

Testing in a headless browser seems to be the new black now. Although I don't share the sentiment, I still can assure you that testing in headless browsers is supported by Canopy. You can run your tests in headless Chrome as follows:

Conclusion

I hope this article has convinced you that Canopy is a robust and easy to use framework which can be used in building end-to-end testing layers of your application.