how to speed retrieving data from big table data when select

Problem

I have table have 20 columns when make select data from new SQL query computer hangs ?

what suggestion to make quickly read data from this table and make performance good ?

What I Try

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select * from table where 1=1 take 45 minutes

after minimize column number as

select column 1,column 2,column 3 from table also hangs but take less time as 42 minutes .

when make select data from tables not other programs open only SQL server opened new query.

table have 1 million records .

Computer Capability

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i work on SQL server 2012.

select data from this table hangs computer although my computer capability not bad

ram 8 GIGA and processor core I 5 .

I try same Backup of data on another computer it take too much time as above ?

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if possible what suggestions to select data quickly from table and best performance ?