HTML For Beginners: Part 7

Shresthi Jaiswal
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Introduction

Before reading this article please visit the following links:

HTML Links and Images

Links are found in nearly all web pages. Links allow the user to click their way from page to page.
Images are of various types.

For example, JPEG images, GIF images, PNG images and so on.

HTML Link: Hyperlink

HTML links are hyperlinks.
A hyperlink is a text or an image you can click on and jump to another document.

HTML Links: syntax

In HTML, links are defined with <a> tag as in the following:

<a herf= “url” >Link text </a>

Example

<a herf= www.c-sharpcorner.com> c#corner </a>

The href attribute specifies the destination address (http://www.c-sharpcorner.com).
The link text is the visible part (c#corner).
Clicking on the link text will send you to the specified address.

Local Links

The example above uses an absolute URL (a full web address). A local link (link to the same web site) is specified with a relative URL (without http://www....).

Example

<a href="htmlimages.gif">HTML Images</a>

HTML Links: Colors and Icons

When you move the mouse cursor over a link, two things will normally happen:

The mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.
The color of the link element will change.

By default, links will appear like this in all browsers:

An unvisited link is underlined and Blue.
A visited link is underlined and Purple.
An active link is underlined and Red.

HTML Links: The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document. This example will open the linked document in a new browser window or in a new tab.

Example

<a href="http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/" target="_blank">Visit c#corner</a>

HTML Images

HTML Images Syntax

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
If the <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only and does not have a closing tag.
The src attribute defines the URL (web address) of the image as in the following:
1. <img src="url" alt="some_text">

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute specifies an alternate text for the image if it cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute should describe the image in words.

Example

<img src="html5.gif" alt="The official HTML5 Icon">

The alt attribute is required. A web page will not validate correctly without it.

HTML Screen Readers

Screen readers are software programs that can read what is displayed on a screen.
Used on the web, screen readers can "reproduce" HTML as text-to-speech, sound icons, or braille output.
Screen readers are used by people who are blind, visually impaired or learning disabled.

Image Size: Width and Height

You can use the style attribute to specify the width and height of an image.
The values are specified in pixels (use px after the value).

Example

<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px">

Alternatively, you can use width and height attributes.
The values are specified in pixels (without px after the value).

Example

<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" width="128" height="128">

Width and Height or Style

Both the width, the height, and the style attributes are valid in the latest HTML5 standard.
We suggest you use the style attribute. It prevents style sheets from changing the default size of images.

Example

<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
width:100;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px">
<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" width="128" height="128">
</body>
</html>

Images in Another Folder

If not specified, the browser expects to find the image in the same folder as the web page.
However, it is common on the web, to store images in a sub-folder and refer to the folder in the image name.

Example

<img src="/images/html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px">

If a browser cannot find an image, it will display a broken link icon.

Example

<img src="htmltags.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px">

Images on Another Server

Some web sites store their images on image servers.
Actually, you can access images from any web address in the world.

Example

<img src="http://www.google.com/images/google_gogreen.jpg">

Animated Images

The GIF standard allows animated images.

Example

<img src="programming.gif" alt="Computer Man" style="width:48px;height:48px">

Note that the syntax of inserting animated images is no different from non-animated images.

Using an Image as a Link

It is common to use images as links.

Example

<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML" style="width:42px;height:42px;border:0>
</a>

Image Maps

For an image, you can create an image map, with clickable areas.

Example

<img src="planets.gif" alt="Planets" usemap="#planetmap" style="width:145px;height:126px">
<map name="planetmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="0,0,82,126" alt="Sun" href="sun.htm">
<area shape="circle" coords="90,58,3" alt="Mercury" href="mercur.htm">
<area shape="circle" coords="124,58,8" alt="Venus" href="venus.htm">
</map>

Image Floating

You can let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.

Example

<p>
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" style="float:left;width:42px;height:42px">
A paragraph with an image. The image floats to the left of the text.
</p>

Chapter Summary

Use <a herf= “url” >Link text </a> tag to link to a website
Use the HTML <img> element to define images
Use the HTML src attribute to define the image file name
Use the HTML alt attribute to define an alternative text
Use the HTML width and height attributes to define the image size
Use the CSS width and height properties to define the image size (alternatively)
Use the CSS float property to let the image float
Use the HTML usemap attribute to point to an image map
Use the HTML <map> element to define an image map
Use the HTML <area> element to define image map areas