Understanding Group In LIQN By With Easy Examples

Introduction

LINQ is a great technology provided by Microsoft to manage data in .Net languages. Grouping is a very powerful feature provided by LINQ that transforms a collection in groups where each group has a key associated with it.

Note: GroupBy performs a deferred execution which means the query is only executed when the records are processed using a foreach loop.

To understand the concept completely, I have created some examples and divided them into the following sections.

Group By: Single key

SQL like syntax
Lambda syntax
SQL like syntax with sorting the elements of the group
Lambda syntax with sorting the elements of the group

Group By: Multiple keys

SQL like syntax
Lambda syntax
SQL like syntax with sorting the elements of the group
Lambda syntax with sorting the elements of the group

Sample Class

I have create one sample class student that I will use to demonstrate the examples.

class student
{
public int id;
public string name;
public int standard;
public int age;
public static List<student> getstudents()
{
List<student> Students = new List<student>()
{
new student{id = 1, name ="ram", age = 20, standard =12},
new student{id = 2, name ="zip", age = 18, standard =10},
new student{id = 3, name ="any", age = 19, standard =12},
new student{id = 4, name ="Ian", age = 18, standard =10},
new student{id = 5, name ="john", age = 17, standard =10},
new student{id = 6, name ="bob", age = 19, standard =12},
new student{id = 7, name ="moni", age = 18, standard =10},
new student{id = 8, name ="sri", age = 19, standard =12},
new student{id = 9, name ="dummy" , age = 17, standard =10},
new student{id = 10, name ="hon" , age = 17, standard =10},
};
return Students;
}
}

Examples

Group By: Single key

SQL like syntax

This example will group students by standard (class) and display all the grouped records.

List<student> studentlist = student.getstudents();
var result = from stu in studentlist
group stu by stu.standard
into egroup
orderby egroup.Key
select egroup;
foreach (var group in result)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} ", group.Key);
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output

cmd output

Lambda syntax

This example works similar to example 1 but uses a lambda expression to do the job.

List<student> studentlist = student.getstudents();
//result using lamba
var resultlamba = studentlist.GroupBy(stu => stu.standard).OrderBy(stu => stu.Key);
foreach (var group in resultlamba)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} ", group.Key);
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output: The output will be the same as in Example 1.

SQL like syntax with sorting the elements of the group by student name

We need to use anonymous types to sort the elements within the group. The following example will show how to do that:

List<student> studentlist = student.getstudents();
//result order by elements
var resultorderbyelement = from stu in studentlist
group stu by stu.standard
into egroup
orderby egroup.Key
select new
{
Key = egroup.Key,
studentobj = egroup.OrderBy(g => g.name)
};
foreach (var group in resultorderbyelement)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} ", group.Key);
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group.studentobj)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output

imageclass

Lambda syntax with sorting the elements of the group by student name

This example works the same as Example 3 but uses a lambda to do the job.

List<student> studentlist = student.getstudents();
//result using lamba and sort elements by name
var resultlambaorderbyelement = studentlist
.GroupBy(stu => stu.standard)
.OrderBy(stu => stu.Key)
.Select(g => new { Key = g.Key, studentobj = g.OrderBy(y => y.name) });
foreach (var group in resultlambaorderbyelement)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} ", group.Key);
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group.studentobj)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output: The output will be the same as Example 3.

Group By: Multiple keys

SQL like syntax

This example will group students first by standard (class) and then by their age.

var resultmultiplekey = from stu in studentlist
group stu by new { stu.standard, stu.age }
into egroup
orderby egroup.Key.standard, egroup.Key.age
select egroup;
foreach (var group in resultmultiplekey)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} -- age - {1} -- Count of items - {2}", group.Key.standard, group.Key.age, group.Count());
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output

class

Lambda syntax

This example is same as example 1 but uses lambda syntax to do the job
//result using lamba
var resultmultiplekeylamba = studentlist
.GroupBy(stu => new{stu.standard, stu.age})
.OrderBy(g=> g.Key.standard).ThenBy(y=> y.Key.age);
foreach (var group in resultmultiplekeylamba)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} -- age - {1} -- Count of items - {2}", group.Key.standard, group.Key.age, group.Count());
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output: The output will be the same as Example 1.

SQL like syntax with sorting the elements of the group by student name

Again, in this example we will use anonymous types to sort the results of Examples 1 and 2 by the student's name.

var resultmutiplekeyorderbyelement = from stu in studentlist
group stu by new { stu.standard, stu.age }
into egroup
orderby egroup.Key.standard, egroup.Key.age
select new
{
standardkey = egroup.Key.standard,
agekey = egroup.Key.age,
studentobj = egroup.OrderBy(y => y.standard).ThenBy(y => y.name)
};
foreach (var group in resultmutiplekeyorderbyelement)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} -- age - {1} -- Count of items - {2}", group.standardkey, group.agekey, group.studentobj.Count());
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group.studentobj)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output

Lambda syntax with sorting the elements of the group by student name

This example does the same as Example 3 but uses a lambda to do the job.
//result using lamba with multiple key and sort elements by name.

var resultmutiplekeylambaorderbyelement = studentlist
.GroupBy(stu => new{stu.standard, stu.age})
.OrderBy(g => g.Key.standard).ThenBy(y=> y.Key.age)
.Select(g => new { standardkey = g.Key.standard, agekey = g.Key.age, studentobj = g.OrderBy(y => y.name) });
foreach (var group in resultmutiplekeylambaorderbyelement)
{
Console.WriteLine("class - {0} -- age - {1} -- Count of items - {2}", group.standardkey, group.agekey, group.studentobj.Count());
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", "ID", "NAME", "AGE", "CLASS");
foreach (var _student in group.studentobj)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} -- {1} -- {2} -- {3}", _student.id, _student.name, _student.age, _student.standard);
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------");
}
Console.ReadKey();

Output: the Output will be the same as in Example 3.

7 Comments

Join the conversation! Your thoughts help the community grow.

Hamid Khan6y ago
Anil Kumar You explain well.....................
Martin Okello7y ago
Class Person { internal int PersonID; internal string car ; internal string FirstName; internal string LastName; internal string CarSeries; } Person[] persons = new Person[3]; persons[0] = new Person { PersonID = 2, car = "Ferrari", FirstName="Martin", LastName="James", CarSeries="Series A" }; persons[0] = new Person { PersonID = 2, car = "Ferrari", FirstName="Martin", LastName="James" , CarSeries="Series B" }; persons[0] = new Person { PersonID = 2, car = "Ferrari", FirstName="Martin", LastName="James" , CarSeries="Series C" }; persons[1] = new Person { PersonID = 1, car = "BMW", FirstName="Joanne", LastName="James" , CarSeries="Series 1" }; persons[1] = new Person { PersonID = 1, car = "BMW", FirstName="Joanne", LastName="James" , CarSeries="Series 3" }; persons[2] = new Person { PersonID = 2, car = "Audi", FirstName="Martin", LastName="James" , CarSeries="A3" }; persons[2] = new Person { PersonID = 1, car = "Porche", FirstName="Joanne", LastName="James" , CarSeries="Series Carrera" }; persons[2] = new Person { PersonID = 3, car = "Lexus", FirstName="Leon", LastName="James" , CarSeries="S Class"}; Console.Out.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------"); var results7 = from p in persons group p by new {p.car, p.FirstName, p.LastName, p.CarSeries} into gp from g in gp select new {Name=g.FirstName+" "+g.LastName, Car=g.car, CarSeries = g.CarSeries, Count=gp.Count()}; foreach(var p in results7){ Console.Out.WriteLine(p.Name+", "+p.Car+", "+p.CarSeries+" Count "+p.Count); }
- Martin Okello7y ago
  Sorry I see the mistake. I am simply overwriting the references to Person 1, and 2. Sorry my mistake
Martin Okello7y ago
Hey Anil, this is all brilliant. I have a problem and need your help: why aren't all the gourps showing using this example:
Gowtham Rajamanickam11y ago
nice...
Anil Kumar11y ago
Thanks Tom
Tom Mohan11y ago
Nice :)